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    Entry 15 of 23
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    Apr. 16, 2009 - Aircraft , referred to as the "aircraft carrier", "mother space"
    Aircraft (Aircraft Carrier), referred to as the "aircraft carrier", Wholesale electronics "mother space", the former Soviet Union known as the "machine contains cruiser", is a military aircraft to provide take-off and landing of military ships. Chinese "aircraft carrier" for the word from the Japanese characters. The biggest drawback of an aircraft carrier: the most vulnerable to the destruction of low sea-skimming weapon attack Aircraft carrier is a carrier-based combat aircraft weapons as the main large-scale surface vessels. Modern aircraft carrier and carrier-based aircraft has become a high-tech military systems engineering-intensive. Aircraft carrier fleet in general is always a ship in the core, sometimes also as a flagship aircraft carrier fleet. Other vessels in the fleet for its protection and supply. Rely on the aircraft carrier, a country far away from its territory in place, do not rely on the local military pressure imposed by the airport and conduct operations. Aircraft carrier in accordance with their sub-tasks, there are attacks on an aircraft carrier, anti-submarine aircraft, escort aircraft carriers and multi-purpose aircraft carrier; carrier according to the performance of carrier-based aircraft carrier is divided into fixed-wing aircraft and helicopter carrier, which can take and take-offs and landings from the traditional down the way, including fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters of various types of airplanes, Digital Camera while the latter can only take off and land a helicopter or fixed-wing VTOL aircraft. Some countries there is a look similar to the Navy's ships, referred to as the "amphibious assault ship", but also travel and military helicopters take off and land vertically, or fixed-wing aircraft taking off or landing. By tonnage points, there is a large aircraft (loaded with a displacement of 6 to more than 90,000 tons), medium-sized aircraft carrier (3 load displacement 60,000 tons) and small aircraft carrier (30,000 tons full load displacement of the following); by power points, there are conventionally-powered aircraft carriers and nuclear-powered aircraft carrier. [Edit this paragraph] History ★ Age of Enlightenment to the First World War The first vessel from a berth on the American pilots to take off • Erie Eugene (Eugene Ely), he was 14 November, 1910 drivers to drive one, Digital Camcorder "Curtis" flying machine from the United States Navy light cruiser Birmingham, No. (USS Birmingham CS-2) on take-off. January 18, 1911, he successfully landed on the armored cruiser Pennsylvania No. (USS Pennsylvania ACR-4) on 31 meters long, 10 meters wide sliding wooden platform conversion, became the first vessel in a parked - "Pennsylvania" is the pilot to land cruisers. British Charles • Samson was the first ship sailing from a pilot on take-off. May 2, 1912 moving from a take-off of warships. First take-offs and landings of aircraft operating at the same time provide the runway was a British vessel "rage" cruiser No. its transformation completed in April 1918. Goes the superstructure in the first half of the laying of the central 70 meters-long flight deck for take-off. The rear of the installation of 87-meter-long flight deck, install a simple device for blocking the landing of aircraft landing. Full installation of the first aircraft carrier flight deck of a ferry from the UK into a giant aircraft carrier 100, and its transformation completed in September 1918. Flight deck 168 meters long. Hangar deck is, cell phone watch number of lifts can be up to the deck of the aircraft. July 19, 1918 7 aircraft from the take-off aircraft carrier rage attack Germany Dehn parked in the airship with the base, this is the first time take off from aircraft carriers to carry out attacks. In 1917, the United Kingdom in accordance with the standards of a new aircraft carrier design competition to build the aircraft carrier God (also translated as "Helms"), the first use of the bridge, mast, chimney, such as the flight deck of the starboard side of the island superstructure. First service from the outset as an aircraft carrier is a vessel designed Fengxiang aircraft carrier in Japan, in December 1922 it entered service. Since then, the whole formula of the flight deck, the superstructure of an aircraft carrier island structure, as a carrier of the sample countries. U.S. aircraft carrier is March 22, 1922 officially opened the Langley No. (USS Langley CV-1). USS Langley is not the start to the construction of aircraft carriers for the use of the ship, its predecessor was launched in 1913 No. of Jupiter supply ship (USS Jupiter AC-3), the United States Navy saw it used to carry coal sufficient capacity bellyhold , so be converted into an aircraft carrier. ★ the first time during the Second World War After the First World War, the naval power in 1922 signed the "Washington Naval Treaty" to strictly control the construction of a battleship, mobile phone but the treaty authorizing the State party to use part of the construction of ships into aircraft carriers, for example: the United States Lexington-class aircraft carrier, Japan's He and Canadian aircraft carrier Akagi aircraft carrier. Carrier equipment in the heavy artillery is the characteristic of the development phase of an aircraft carrier. However, the countries of the Navy, many old-fashioned concept of Mexican adults, to heavy artillery naval victory as the main force, and the only aircraft carrier fleet auxiliary force, the main task is to detect. The construction of the 1930s the British aircraft carrier Ark Royal a fully enclosed hangar, the integration of the island superstructure, powerful flight deck, hydraulic catapult, known as the "prototype of the modern aircraft carrier." 1936, "The Washington Naval Treaty" expired, the Navy powers have embarked on a new arms race. York City, the United States class aircraft carriers, cell phone Japan's Cheung Hok-class aircraft carrier, the British aircraft carrier-class brilliant is a masterpiece of this period. Aircraft carrier in World War II has been widely used for the first time. It is a small floating terminal, carrying fighters and bombers from the land, to carry out the task of attacking the enemy target. This allows aircraft to attack by air land and sea targets, particularly those outside the range of far more than general goals. Aircraft taking off from aircraft carrier has been fighting the radius of the navy in the battle to change the theory, a hostile fleet must now do not see each other in the case of ships, fighting each other for distance. This is a complete end to the battleship as the most powerful warships at sea dominance. Aircraft carrier built at the beginning of the war exploits in November 11, 1940, the British Navy's "glorious" torpedo bombers deployed aircraft carrier sunk, destroyed the harbor of Taranto, Italy 3 battleship. During World War II, an aircraft carrier in the Pacific War battlefield played a decisive role in the Navy aircraft carrier fleet from Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor, the fleet from start to finish both sides did not meet the Coral Sea Battle, and then to the use of aircraft carrier battle group to the middle of the sea Island sea, from aircraft carriers to replace the battleship became the backbone of modern ocean-going fleet. The United States to build a large number of Essex-class aircraft carrier, the composition of a large aircraft carrier fleet, to become the leading naval warfare. Cheap during the war by a large number of small escort aircraft carrier construction, into the anti-submarine escort operations. ★ modern aircraft carrier After the end of World War II flight deck of the bevel, steam catapult to help sight down the design, increased use of ship-borne heavy jet efficiency and security. High-performance jet aircraft to be equipped with modern aircraft carrier, the displacement increasing, the United States a super aircraft carrier was the first jet aircraft designed to carry aircraft carrier construction. The United States, November 25, 1961 service built aircraft carrier USS Enterprise (USS Enterprise CVN65) is the world's first use of a nuclear-powered aircraft carrier-driven. The greatest advantage of the use of nuclear power is to increase endurance capacity. Replacement of a nuclear power fuel for navigation can be hundreds of thousands of nautical miles, so that carriers have virtually unlimited mobility, the conventionally powered aircraft carrier to eliminate a large chimney on the impact of flight operations. Since then the U.S. Navy built a series of displacement of 80,000 tons of the Nimitz-class aircraft carrier. Weak financial resources to enable the British Royal Navy aircraft carriers can not afford large, the British Invincible-class aircraft carrier in World War II, much like a small escort aircraft carriers, the use of jump-slip deck, vertical short take-offs and landings of aircraft. In 1982, the United Kingdom, Argentina, the Falkland Islands dispute, the United Kingdom by virtue of its 8000 miles away from where the local won. Vertical take-offs and landings Soviet Kiev-class aircraft carrier (the Soviet Navy called the "large-scale anti-submarine cruiser") is equipped with Wubei heavy. Soviet Union / Russia eventually built Kuznetsov aircraft carrier deck jump to prevent the use of a sliding complex ejection device installed. In the Persian Gulf, Afghanistan and the U.S. Pacific Fleet aircraft carrier to use it to maintain its interests. The Gulf War in 1991 and 2003, the U.S. military occupation of Iraq, the United States even though in the Middle East do not have enough land-based airports, is still able to take advantage of its aircraft carrier battle groups to carry out major attacks. Beginning of the 21st century all the world's aircraft carriers can be loaded with a total of about 1250 aircraft, of which the United States contains a number of more than 1000 machines. Britain and France are set to expand its local capacity, the French built aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle, the United Kingdom also plans to build an aircraft carrier Queen Elizabeth. [Edit this paragraph] off technology Fixed-wing aircraft taking off from aircraft carriers in three ways. Steam catapult take-off The first one is the steam catapult take-off, the use of a flat deck as a runway. Take-off of a steam-driven catapult device two seconds in the lead aircraft to reach takeoff speed. At present, only the United States have to produce the steam catapults on mature technology. There are two steam catapult ejection mode, a front wheel ejection is from the U.S. Navy successfully tested in 1964, when the ejection slide directly pulled from the front wheel off the plane. Do not have 8 to 10 people linked to the aircraft and by hawsers hawsers, and shortening of ejection time, the safety of aircraft is good. U.S. aircraft carrier in active service have adopted this approach. The second is the drag-style ejection Faso, as the name implies, is to use steel hawsers traction to accelerate the take-off aircraft, the ejection means of the old, if not all aspects of the former, and currently only in France, "Clermont-spindle" carrier-class use. Smooth take-off jump-style The second way is to jump off ramps slide. Some of the aircraft carrier deck in its front-end there is a "platform" to help the plane took off. When the aircraft took off in their own power through the assistance of platform to jump onto the air. This need not be complicated to take off the ejection device, but the weight of the aircraft for take-off and take-off than the efficiency of the ejection. United Kingdom, Italy, India and the Russian aircraft carrier will be using some of this technology. In both cases, aircraft must be 20 (36 km / h) wind speeds over navigation to help the plane took off. The third is the vertical take-offs and landings. Technology VTOL aircraft do not need to roll, as the name implies is you can take-off and landing technology. It is from the late 50s began to develop an aviation technology. United Kingdom, the United States, a number of Russian aircraft carrier using this technology. In addition, the electromagnetic catapult is being studied in the next generation of aircraft ejection device, with the traditional steam catapult compared with electromagnetic catapults small volume of ship auxiliary systems that require low, high efficiency, light weight, mp4 player operation and the benefits of low maintenance costs. [Edit this paragraph] the process of taking off and landing In the aircraft carrier landing, especially at night or in bad weather, it is the most difficult skills in a flight. Aircraft carrier in the United States as an example, the landing process is like this: ● First of all, the return of the aircraft carrier to enter the ring around the route in order to reduce the flight altitude and speed, some time may also need to wait for the landing from the air to air refueling. ● aircraft landing speed down to almost the point of stall. The pilot will be to lay down their landing gear, flaps and air speed board, will capture the hook out, maintain a certain speed and drop rate. Aircraft carrier commanding officer on the landing of aircraft landing, he continued to tell the pilots, the best situation of his deviation from what is; carrier prompted the pilot light, the angle of decline is correct. ● In the rear of the aircraft carrier's flight deck has four interception Faso (the ninth Nimitz-class aircraft carrier vessels CVN76 "Ronald Reagan" only No. 3). Pilots landing must be allowed to capture one hanging hook. In the best case he should put up a third, if he put the former two, then dropped his point of view of peace, if he put the last one, then dropped his angle too steep. ● pilots in landing aircraft must be completely suppressed, so that he can guarantee a hook to intercept cable. At the same time, he must be the engine up to maximum, so if he did not put up to intercept what he claims in the shortest possible time to leave the deck to speed up and return to land routes. Interception by the hydraulic brake cable, and it can be in two seconds and 50 meters of the aircraft came to a halt. Pilots will be in accordance with the deck on the ground crew's instructions to the engine thrust reduced to climbing and left the landing area. In case of emergency, for example, linked to damage to aircraft, aircraft can not be used to intercept cable stop can be up on deck to help intercept the aircraft made an emergency landing net. Or the plane up again and re-landing. Take-off on the more simple: ● aircraft to take off the front wheel was hanging on the device, the operation of the official take-off device must know the aircraft type and load to regulate the take-off device. ● deck in order to protect personnel and equipment behind the aircraft to jet aircraft fitted with shielding of the wall flow. ● pilots received permission to take off enough horsepower increase at the same time use the brake to prevent movement of aircraft. ● In his take-off signal received at the same time he wanted to open up the brakes, start at the same time take-off device, pop the aircraft runway. This process lasted 1.5 seconds. Ground crew Aircraft carrier flight deck officers on the ground to the U.S. Navy as an example, in accordance with generally divided into seven functional categories, each of which has been designated a colored sweater (or eye-catching jacket). Have been designated to separate certain types of operations staff to wear helmets of different colors, spy camera or wearing a special mark or sweater and jacket on a designated marker to distinguish between the clothes. Let us take a look at the deck ground crew clothing characteristics and their responsibilities: ordnance personnel Jacket helmet markings (front / rear) responsibilities Red "Crash" (crash) / "Salvage" (salvage) and crash Red "H" helicopter landing signal officer Red and black of the "EOD" word explosion arms disposal Red and black stripes and post code plus the title of Fleet ordnance personnel Jacket helmet markings (front / rear) responsibilities AFP Post title and number of aircraft personnel and aircraft management officer in charge of Jacket helmet markings (front / rear) responsibilities Green jobs and the title of the aircraft catapult officers to prevent transmission catapult aircraft ground handling staff Green / yellow, and green jobs title aircraft catapult safety observer Number attached to the Green Fleet "Maint, CPO" responsible for the maintenance of the junior officers "A" to prevent transmission blocking hook and landing personnel Green "C" Green "GSE" ground support equipment troubleshooting Members Green "P" photographer Green black stripes, fleet maintenance personnel numbers Number attached to the Green Fleet "Line CPO" The adjutant is responsible for route Green Reversi plate designs, Fleet Aircraft Fleet No. examiner, examiner ultimate catapult Jacket helmet markings (front / rear) responsibilities White "E" elevator operator White "SUPPLY / POSTAL" cargo handling personnel White "SUPPLY COORDINATOR" supply scheduling White "SAFETY" security personnel White "TRANSFER OFFICER" goods sending officers White "T" command staff correspondent and telephone Non-white "LSO" landing signal officer White "LOX" staff liquid oxygen White Red Cross medical personnel Jacket helmet markings (front / rear) responsibilities Fleet numbers attached brown "QA" Quality Assurance is responsible for the junior officers 棕红"H" military helicopter platform Brown military aircraft fleet number Jacket helmet markings (front / rear) responsibilities Number of aircraft loading and unloading blue staff / pad wedge staff Blue "Tractor" Tractor driver Jacket helmet markings (front / rear) responsibilities Purple Purple "F" aviation fuel supply staff [Edit this paragraph] weapons Generally speaking, with the exception of a small number of self-defense weapons, it is an aircraft carrier carrying weapons of various military aircraft. Aircraft carrier battle logic is by air directly to the eradication of the enemy aircraft carrier in the hundreds of kilometers away from the field, not a ship-borne radar to scan more than the scope of early warning aircraft, not a range of ship-borne anti-ship missile has a range of aircraft to more than There is no equipment of a ship-borne anti-submarine anti-submarine capability of more than anti-submarine aircraft or helicopters, the aircraft is the best offensive and defensive weapons, the entire aircraft carrier battle groups in the overall control of the aircraft carrier under the command of hundreds of kilometers away on the enemy targets the implementation of search, tracking, targeting, attack, can be said to keep the enemy on the thousands of miles away! So there is no need to install other offensive weapons. But at the same time the former Soviet Union aircraft carrier equipped with long-range ship-to-ship missile, from that point of the former Soviet Union aircraft carrier and the carrier is a mixture of cruisers. [Edit this paragraph] aircraft carrier battle groups formed the basic Although the carrier can be a lot of air power projection, but the ship's own defense capability is weak, so it is necessary to other ships, including surface and underwater vessels to provide protection. Carrier battle group can be regarded as carrier of the division of tasks, and other ships to protect the aircraft carrier. Different carrier battle group, but a U.S. carrier battle group is now largely composed of the following vessels: ● an aircraft carrier. ● two cruisers. ● two ~ three destroyers. ● an anti-submarine frigates (fast combat support ship). ● two attack submarines. ● one supply vessel. Now a U.S. carrier battle group to attack and defense capabilities of the complex. Generally speaking it is carried by fighter aircraft, attack aircraft, early warning aircraft, anti-submarine aircraft or helicopters to attack, defend or search hundreds of kilometers away from the aircraft carrier enemies. Other warships are to protect the safe operation of an aircraft carrier as the first priority, followed by the attack aircraft carrier task support, and work as search and rescue personnel. The role of carrier battle group includes: ● protection of marine transport and security, the use of waterways ● protect the amphibious forces of the transport and the implementation of the mandate ● land-based aircraft co-coordinated the formation and maintenance of specific areas of air superiority ● display means the use of force to meet the needs of national interests ● positive large-scale air and sea battle [Edit this paragraph] part of the early 21st century aircraft carrier outlined States Beginning of the 21st century, the world's a total of 12 state-owned aircraft carrier: Argentina, France, Italy, Russia, Spain, Brazil, India, Thailand, the United Kingdom and the United States and Japan, South Korea. A total of countries around the world dozens of naval vessels in use. The United States has the world's largest and the largest aircraft carrier, aircraft carriers in other countries are much smaller than the United States. United States: a total of Kitty Hawk class aircraft carriers (all retired), and the Nimitz-class aircraft carrier USS Enterprise, including 13 large aircraft carriers (11 active, up-to-date CV/N-78 "George Bush" is not the formation of combat effectiveness). Britain: Invincible class aircraft carriers (also known as "Invincible" class) is a British Royal Navy also used the world's first skid-type light aircraft carrier flight deck. France: Charles de Gaulle aircraft carrier, Clemenceau-class aircraft carrier Clermont Russia: Kuznetsov aircraft carrier Italy: Garibaldi aircraft carrier, USS count Gafur, aircraft carrier Cavour. Spain: Asturias aircraft carrier Wales. India: British Royal Navy aircraft carrier was the "competitive spirit" is. In April 1986 from the UK to buy into this ship. Thailand: aircraft carrier. Japan: Osumi-class transport ship, its size and close to the aircraft carrier combat capability.

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